Based on requests and inquiries from our Facebook page followers regarding the Salmonella vaccine:
Based on requests and inquiries from our Facebook page followers regarding the Salmonella vaccine, we are republishing the article about the Salmonella 9R vaccine for poultry, which is one of the products being manufactured for the first time by our company… Fowl Typhoid Vaccine
This disease primarily affects chickens and turkeys, and rarely affects other types of birds.
Causative Agent: Salmonella kala-Nearm bacterium
Infectivity: This disease affects adult chickens and causes high mortality rates. The disease can also occur in its acute form in adult chickens less than six months old. Similarly, chicks hatching from infected eggs have a high mortality rate during the first few weeks, which can continue for several months.
Incubation Period: The incubation period ranges from 4 to 5 days and depends primarily on the virulence of the bacteria and the bird’s susceptibility to infection.
Clinical symptoms: In chicks and turkey pox, the symptoms are similar to those seen in lumpy skin disease. In adult chickens during the acute phase, symptoms include loss of appetite, lethargy, ruffled feathers, yellowing of the face, and signs of diarrhea. Death begins after four days and can reach up to 50%, as happened during the epidemic in Iraq in 1988. Mortality decreases with the use of antibiotics but quickly rises again. This is what happened in Iraq in 1988, where deaths reached 3.5 to 4 million chickens in just six months. The disease was only stopped with the use of the live R9 vaccine.
Pathological changes: Peritonitis due to damage to the ova and the presence of yolk in the abdominal cavity. Enlargement and congestion of the liver, kidneys, and spleen, in addition to the presence of necrotic patches in these organs. Endocarditis. Oocytes are abnormally shaped and lead-colored. Enteritis is very pronounced, bloody, and ulcerated. Arthritis occurs in the chronic stage.
Diagnosis: Disease history, symptoms, and causative agent isolation are the most important tests.
Comparative diagnosis: Leukemia, Arizona infection, fungal infections (which present with respiratory symptoms similar to typhoid fever), and residual Salmonella species.
Treatments are similar to those for leukemia. However, using the live vaccine, specifically the rough strain called 9R, administered subcutaneously above the neck behind the head, provides complete immunity within a week, offering 100% protection. The vaccine is given at 10 to 12 weeks of age, and antibiotics should not be administered during vaccination. It’s important to note that there is no test that distinguishes between vaccinated and naturally infected birds, as all tests rely on the presence of antibodies in the blood and on agglutination tests in the blood or serum of infected birds.
Image of the 9R vaccine produced by our company 👇
Source: Poultry Diseases Book, Dr. Fouad Al-Sheikhly